Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika mengaku kewalahan memblokir situs porno. Berdasarkan data hasil survei Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika, frekuensi pengaksesan situs porno di Indonesia mencapai 30 ribu halaman per detik.
Juru bicara Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika, Gatot S. Dewa Broto, mengatakan pihaknya memiliki keterbatasan sumber daya manusia dalam mengatasi masalah ini.
“Seperti deret hitung dalam matematika. Kita potong (blokir) satu, yang muncul malah kian banyak. Jadi bukan kami lamban mengatasi masalah ini,” kata Gatot dalam diskusi yang digelar Partai Keadilan Sejahtera di Yogyakarta, Sabtu lalu.
Berdasarkan penelitian Kementerian Komunikasi, kata dia, hingga akhir 2009 tercatat ada 400 juta situs porno di dunia maya, dan akan terus bertambah setiap tahunnya.
“Kami tidak akan diam dengan dampak buruk teknologi Internet itu. Tapi kami juga tidak akan memakai cara lama dengan asal breidel seperti masa lalu,” ujarnya.
Gatot menambahkan, melalui program Internet Sehat Internet Cerdas, Kementerian Komunikasi membidik empat target tahun ini, salah satunya mengenalkan teknologi Internet kepada kalangan orang tua, khususnya dari kelas menengah ke bawah.
Menurut dia, terjadi kesenjangan dalam pengawasan teknologi Internet di kalangan menengah ke bawah. “Orang tua kebanyakan kalah cerdas dibanding anaknya, sehingga upaya pemantauan terhadap pemanfaatan Internet lemah,” tuturnya.
Karena itu, kata Gatot, Kementerian Komunikasi akan memperkenalkan teknologi Internet ke pasar-pasar tradisional dan ruang publik lainnya. Target lainnya adalah mengecek langsung setiap laporan dari operator mengenai keberadaan situs porno. “Kami ingin cek langsung sekarang, tak hanya terima laporan,” kata dia.
Dua target lainnya adalah melibatkan komponen masyarakat untuk wujudkan penggunaan Internet sehat dan cerdas serta memperluas jangkauan pembangunan jaringan Internet ke pelosok daerah, yang tahun lalu telah mencapai 4.800 unit.
Adapun duta besar Internet Sehat Internet Cerdas, Igor Saykoji, mengatakan tak gampang mengajak generasi muda agar tak mudah terjebak dan kecanduan mengakses situs porno. Salah satu caranya, kata dia, adalah memberikan lebih banyak contoh bagaimana teknologi Internet punya manfaat lebih, misalnya untuk mengembangkan potensi diri.
“Kalau banyak contoh, kan mereka lama-lama jadi bosen sendiri. Masak tiap login bukanya situs porno,” kata penyanyi rap yang populer berkat lagu Online itu. Sayikoji sukses mempromosikan karya-karyanya ke publik melalui Internet. PRIBADI WICAKSONO
I’d like to give you some background and details of our experiments that lead us to understand just how Bing is using Google web search results.
It all started with tarsorrhaphy. Really. As it happens, tarsorrhaphy is a rare surgical procedure on eyelids. And in the summer of 2010, we were looking at the search results for an unusual misspelled query [torsorophy]. Google returned the correct spelling—tarsorrhaphy—along with results for the corrected query. At that time, Bing had no results for the misspelling. Later in the summer, Bing started returning our first result to their users without offering the spell correction (see screenshots below). This was very strange. How could they return our first result to their users without the correct spelling? Had they known the correct spelling, they could have returned several more relevant results for the corrected query.
This example opened our eyes, and over the next few months we noticed that URLs from Google search results would later appear in Bing with increasing frequency for all kinds of queries: popular queries, rare or unusual queries and misspelled queries. Even search results that we would consider mistakes of our algorithms started showing up on Bing.
We couldn’t shake the feeling that something was going on, and our suspicions became much stronger in late October 2010 when we noticed a significant increase in how often Google’s top search result appeared at the top of Bing’s ranking for a variety of queries. This statistical pattern was too striking to ignore. To test our hypothesis, we needed an experiment to determine whether Microsoft was really using Google’s search results in Bing’s ranking.
We created about 100 “synthetic queries”—queries that you would never expect a user to type, such as [hiybbprqag]. As a one-time experiment, for each synthetic query we inserted as Google’s top result a unique (real) webpage which had nothing to do with the query. Below is an example:
To be clear, the synthetic query had no relationship with the inserted result we chose—the query didn’t appear on the webpage, and there were no links to the webpage with that query phrase. In other words, there was absolutely no reason for any search engine to return that webpage for that synthetic query. You can think of the synthetic queries with inserted results as the search engine equivalent of marked bills in a bank.
We gave 20 of our engineers laptops with a fresh install of Microsoft Windows running Internet Explorer 8 with Bing Toolbar installed. As part of the install process, we opted in to the “Suggested Sites” feature of IE8, and we accepted the default options for the Bing Toolbar.
We asked these engineers to enter the synthetic queries into the search box on the Google home page, and click on the results, i.e., the results we inserted. We were surprised that within a couple weeks of starting this experiment, our inserted results started appearing in Bing. Below is an example: a search for [hiybbprqag] on Bing returned a page about seating at a theater in Los Angeles. As far as we know, the only connection between the query and result is Google’s result page (shown above).
We saw this happen for multiple queries. For the query [delhipublicschool40 chdjob] we inserted a search result for a credit union:
The same credit union soon showed up on Bing for that query:
For the query [juegosdeben1ogrande] we inserted a page of hip hop bling jewelry:
And the same hip hop bling page showed up in Bing:
As we see it, this experiment confirms our suspicion that Bing is using some combination of:
Internet Explorer 8, which can send data to Microsoft via its Suggested Sites feature
or possibly some other means to send data to Bing on what people search for on Google and the Google search results they click. Those results from Google are then more likely to show up on Bing. Put another way, some Bing results increasingly look like an incomplete, stale version of Google results—a cheap imitation.
At Google we strongly believe in innovation and are proud of our search quality. We’ve invested thousands of person-years into developing our search algorithms because we want our users to get the right answer every time they search, and that’s not easy. We look forward to competing with genuinely new search algorithms out there—algorithms built on core innovation, and not on recycled search results from a competitor. So to all the users out there looking for the most authentic, relevant search results, we encourage you to come directly to Google. And to those who have asked what we want out of all this, the answer is simple: we’d like for this practice to stop.
Comix (http://comix.sourceforge.net/) adalah aplikasi buat ngeliat sekuen gambar, alias ngebaca komik. Menurut saya, lebih enak dipake ketimbang Cdisplay, dan ga perlu ngeluarin duit kayak acdsee. Sayangnya, aplikasi ini sampai saat ini dibuat jalan di *.nix doang.
Tapi bisa kok dipake di windos, kalau mau iseng.
Itulah enaknya Free Software, iGNU dong ah~
Pertama-tama dependensi kudu dikelarin semua. Yang dibutuhin, piton, pygtk, sama python image.
Sok, donglot, tarik dan install saja:
Senin, 24/01/2011 10:24 WIB
Kolom Telematika
Metode Filtering BlackBerry Pakai Cara Hacker? Penulis: Irvan Nasrun – detikinet
ilustrasi (ist)
Jakarta – Metode filtering RIM menggunakan cara hacker? Benar, karena metode ini banyak digunakan oleh hacker dengan cara melakukan manipulasi suatu domain untuk tujuan tertentu, dan bisa digolongkan sebagai kejahatan internet.
Pada dasarnya, ada beberapa cara untuk memfilter suatu konten yang tidak diinginkan. Di antaranya menggunakan cara:
1. Filtering melalui proxy server, metode ini pernah diusulkan oleh Kominfo sebagai cara untuk memfilter web porno di antaranya adalah dengan menggunakan software Squidguard, Danguardian, dan beberapa aplikasi lainnya yang berbasis software maupun hardware.
2. DNS Spoofing, metode ini menggunakan DNS server yang kemudian dilakukan manipulasi domain, untuk DNS Spoofing sendiri bisa menggunakan software BIND, POWERDNS,DJBDNS, MARADNS, dan lain sebagainya.
3. BGP Inject, dimana metode BGP Inject ini pernah digunakan oleh Pakistan untuk memblokir akses ke YouTube pada tahun 2008 yang berakibat 2/3 pengguna internet di seluruh dunia tidak bisa mengakses Youtube dalam rangka untuk memfilter film Fitna, yang mana cara kerja metode ini adalah dengan menggunakan router untuk melakukan ‘inject’ IP address yang akan diblok pada routing BGP.
Sebenarnya metode bernama DNS Spoofing ini pernah digunakan oleh seorang hacker yang bernama Eugene Kashpureff pada tahun 1997, yang memindahkan seluruh trafik web dari Internic/Network Solution ke Alternic selama beberapa hari. Bahaya tentang spoofing ini pertama kali dikemukakan oleh Steve Bellovin seorang ahli keamanan jaringan pada AT&T Lab pada tahun 1991.
Terlepas dari itu, semuanya ada sisi positif yang bisa dimanfaatkan oleh metode DNS Spoofing ini. Di antaranya adalah untuk memfilter konten yang tidak diinginkan.
Pada tulisan kali ini, penulis ingin menjelaskan secara garis besarnya saja metode yang digunakan oleh RIM untuk melakukan filtering berdasarkan gambar di bawah ini:
- Ketika pengguna BB ingin mengakses suatu website misalnya www.xxx.com yang merupakan konten terlarang maka koneksinya dari handset Blackberry akan diteruskan ke sistem Blackberry di Kanada.
- Dari sistem Blackberry di Kanada kemudian diteruskan ke DNS Server Nawala di Jakarta untuk melakukan query DNS atas domain www.xxx.com
- Pada DNS server kemudian dilakukan pengecekan atas domain tersebut, ketika diketahui bahwa domain tersebut merupakan domain terlarang (terdapat di database server Nawala) maka oleh DNS Server terjadi proses spoofing yang mana domain terlarang tersebut dialihkan ke suatu web dalam hal ini block.nawala.org.
- Sebaliknya ketika user BlackBerry (BB) mengakses domain www.detik.com, karena domain ini tidak termasuk domain terlarang sehingga didalam database Nawala domain tidak ‘dimanipulasi’ ke block.nawala.org, maka akan langsung diteruskan ke web yang sesungguhnya.
Selain Nawala saat ini ada juga layanan DNS yang menggunakan metode DNS Spoofing diantaranya DNS Merapi–APJII (yang dipelopori oleh APJII Korwil Yogya) dan OPENDNS (http://www.opendns.com). ( fw / fw )
The products are almost exclusively free with some exceptions: products where there is no free alternative, good products that offer a lifelong license, and exceptional products.
Please inform me for dead/false links, and give suggestions for new applications with the form located at the end of this list. I react to every correction and suggestion, although I may not answer all of them explicitly. This list is updated approximately twice a week, if needed. So, if your suggestion does not appear to the list immediately, it does not mean it has been omitted.
I react to every correction and suggestion, although I may not answer all of them explicitely. This list is updated approximately twice a week, if needed. So, if your suggestion does not appear to the list immediately, it does not mean it has been omitted.
If system becomes unbootable try repairing Windows with the XP recovery console or Vista/7 system recovery options menu. (These may be found in the boot menu, but if they have not been installed, you can use them with original Windows install cd or with a specially made recovery cd. (Look also here.)
Repair possibly corrupted .exe association made by malware.
Repair internet connection, if it was lost during cleaning.
COMODO Firewall with Defence+ ***
You can try to perform the next two steps in Safe Mode** with networking
If you suspect you’ve had MBR-rootkit you can repair MBR with the XP recovery console or Vista/7 system recovery menu. (Look also here.)
*) Notice, that all these portable antimalware can be used with UBCD4Win boot cd. You can copy them to hard disk, USB stick or CD. Run always “full scan”.
**) Some malware does not run in safe mode.
***) Use paranoid settings and prevent anything unknown from running. Check these.
****) If you meet a malware that still blocks executables, try a “Force Breach” start of Hitman Pro (hold the left Ctrl-key until the man with the ladder appears while opening Hitman Pro). If you get UAC prompt you need to keep holding ctrl while you acknowledge the message. In case the internet connection is broken or unavailable, start a Early Warning Scoring (EWS) scan by selecting it from the Next button. This will also reveal: 1) The use of a local proxy server (an indication of malware redirecting or sniffing your web activity). 2) Check and fix an invalid Winsock stack. 3) Detect problems with NDIS (Network Driver Interface). 4) Track down rootkits or other malware that are cloaked, perform suspicious activity or have many bad characteristcs (unethical construction and/or behavior).
My banking advice
Use one LUA for ALL everyday use and make another LUA which is used ONLY for banking. The point is, that if the everyday LUA is infected, the infection is almost always limited to that account. (99% safety guaranteed. This of course requires, that you are not yet infected, and don’t install malware with adminstrative rights in the future.)
There are numerous anti-rootkits. I give here some more. They may be very good, but I cannot recommeded them, as I don’t know anything about their quality:
My proposal for a simple AV/AM testing methodology
Cleaning test
1.install AM
2.boot
3.run Tiny watcher
4.real-time protection off
5.take 10 samples, check at Virustotal
6.install samples (monitor with Process explorer to see if really runs)
7.boot
8.realtime protection on
9.Clean, boot, Clean, boot, Clean, boot,…..
10.run TW again (what is left)
11.Check rootkits (+others) with Prevx free + Hitman pro
Protection test (samples)
1.take 10 samples (checked at Virustotal)
2.install AM
3.boot
4.run Tiny watcher
5.install samples (monitor with Process explorer to see if really runs)
6.Boot
7.Clean, boot, Clean, boot, Clean, boot,…..
8.run TW again (what is left)
9.Check rootkits (+others) with Prevx free + Hitman pro
Protection test (exploits)
1.take 5 exploits
2.install AM, old adobe, old java, old flash
3.boot
4.run Tiny watcher
5.run exploits (monitor with Process explorer to see if really runs)
6.Boot
7.Clean, boot, Clean, boot, Clean, boot,…..
8.run TW again (what is left)
9.Check rootkits (+others) with Prevx free + Hitman pro
Probably the Best Free Security List in the World (c) 2009-2011 Antti Koponen Disclaimer: Some of these programs may harm your PC (especially when misused). Use at your own risk.
There are tons of awesome live, bootable Linux systems, but what if you need to run OS X? Reader Will shows us how to put a portable version of OS X on a thumb drive and boot it on (most) Intel computers.
People put linux on their flash drives all the time. They also get hackintosh on their hard drives quite often. However, it’d be nice to be able to get the same live experience we get with Linux using OS X. With a distribution of OS X 10.6.2 called iPortable Snow, we can.
You’ll need an actual Mac to create the thumb drive (some Hackintoshes may work; mine didn’t). Search your favorite torrent site for iPortable Snow and download it. While it’s downloading, format your external hard drive or thumb drive (You’ll need at least an 8 GB thumb drive for this). Open up Disk Utility and select the drive you want to put OS X on. Go to the Partition tab and create one partition, formatted as Mac OS Extended (Journaled). Hit Options and make sure you’re using the Master Boot Record option. Then hit Apply to format the drive.
Now you’re done with Disk Utility, so go ahead and close it. Now, open the iPortable Snow installer you downloaded. You should get a window like this:
Double click the icon with the umbrella labeled "iPortable_Snow_x86". That should automatically open a program called CopyCatX, which will look like this:
In the first window, head to the Backup or Restore section, change the selected partition to the one you formatted for your Hackintosh, and click the Backup/Restore button.
In the next window, click the radio button on the right to change it so that you’re restoring the drive to a backup. Then hit Start. It’ll ask you to find a file to restore from. Use the "iPortable_Snow_x86" volume archive file on the iPortable Snow disk image. It will start copying the files to your thumb drive.
Next, you’ll have to fix the bootloader. After it’s done restoring, go back to the iPortable Snow Install folder. Open "First Aid". In there, you’ll find a program called iPortable Bootfix. Open it. Continue through it normally, but on the third page, click "Change Install Location" (this is very important). You need to change that to your thumb drive. Otherwise, it’ll install a new bootloader on your Mac that will break it. Once it finishes, you’re done. Go ahead and rename the hackintosh partition whatever you like for the sake of personalization.
You should now be able to boot from your thumb drive just like you would a live Linux thumb drive. Instead of booting into your computer’s OS, you’ll get the Chameleon screen with a few choices. iPortable Snow is designed to work on most Intel-based computers, though some video cards won’t have advanced features (like 3D gaming) out of the box.
Ed. Note: While Will tested this on a few different Intel computers with great success, I could not get it to work on my Hackintosh at home (and sadly, the rest of my friends have Macs, with which iPortable Snow is ironically not compatible). So, if you have some time, give this a shot and let us know how it goes in the comments.
The most basic task of DNS is to translate hostnames such as theos.in to IP address such as 74.86.49.131. In very simple terms, it can be compared to a phone book. DNS also has other important use such as email routing.
This is my list of better, fast public dns servers and free dns server (as compare to your ISP / DSL / ADSL / cable DNS service providers dns servers). These dns servers are free to all. I was able to improve my browsing speed with following DNS servers. Use any one of the following provider.
Free Public DNS Server
=> Service provider: Google
Google public dns server IP address:
8.8.8.8
8.8.4.4
=> Service provider:Dnsadvantage
Dnsadvantage free dns server list:
156.154.70.1
156.154.71.1
=> Service provider:OpenDNS
OpenDNS free dns server list / IP address:
208.67.222.222
208.67.220.220
=> Service provider:Norton
Norton free dns server list / IP address:
198.153.192.1
198.153.194.1
=> Service provider: GTEI DNS (now Verizon)
Public Name server IP address:
4.2.2.1
4.2.2.2
4.2.2.3
4.2.2.4
4.2.2.5
4.2.2.6
=> Service provider: ScrubIt
Public dns server address:
67.138.54.100
207.225.209.66
How do I change or setup DNS server IP address?
Visit below mentioned site to setup DNS as per your operating system:
Lenovo is onto something with its new Power Hub. The $75 laptop charger comes with four built-in USB ports so that you can power and connect several USB devices.
The charger does use up one of your existing USB ports, but that’s definitely a worthwhile sacrifice. All that needs to be done is for someone to make sure that laptop chargers with built-in USB ports like this become standard among all laptop makers. [Lenovo Files via Nexus 404 via Dvice]
For all of its wild popularity, caffeine is one seriously misunderstood substance. It’s not a simple upper, and it works differently on different people with different tolerances—even in different menstrual cycles. But you can make it work better for you.
We’ve covered all kinds of caffeine "hacks" here at Lifehacker, from taking "caffeine naps" to getting "optimally wired." And, of course, we’re obsessed with the perfect cup of coffee. But when it comes to why so many of us love our coffee, tea, soda, or energy drink fixes, and what they actually do to our busy brains, we’ve never really dug in.
While there’s a whole lot one can read on caffeine, most of it falls in the realm of highly specific medical research, or often conflicting anecdotal evidence. Luckily, one intrepid reader and writer has actually done that reading, and weighed that evidence, and put together a highly readable treatise on the subject. Buzz: The Science and Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine, by Stephen R. Braun, is well worth the short 224-page read. It was released in 1997, but remains the most accessible treatise on what is and isn’t understood about what caffeine and alcohol do to the brain. It’s not a social history of coffee, or a lecture on the evils of mass-market soda—it’s condensed but clean science.
What follows is a brief explainer on how caffeine affects productivity, drawn from Buzz and other sources noted at bottom. We also sent Braun a few of the questions that arose while reading, and he graciously agreed to answer them.
Caffeine Doesn’t Actually Get You Wired
Right off the bat, it’s worth stating again: the human brain, and caffeine, are nowhere near totally understood and easily explained by modern science. That said, there is a general consensus on how a compound found all over nature, caffeine, affects the mind.
Every moment that you’re awake, the neurons in your brain are firing away. As those neurons fire, they produce adenosine as a byproduct, but adenosine is far from excrement. Your nervous system is actively monitoring adenosine levels through receptors. Normally, when adenosine levels reached a certain point in your brain and spinal cord, your body will start nudging you toward sleep, or at least taking it easy. There are actually a few different adenosine receptors throughout the body, but the one caffeine seems to interact with most directly is the A1 receptor. More on that later.
Enter caffeine. It occurs in all kinds of plants, and chemical relatives of caffeine are found in your own body. But taken in substantial amounts—the semi-standard 100mg that comes from a strong eight-ounce coffee, for instance—it functions as a supremely talented adenosine impersonator. It heads right for the adenosine receptors in your system and, because of its similarities to adenosine, it’s accepted by your body as the real thing and gets into the receptors.
More important than just fitting in, though, caffeine actually binds to those receptors in efficient fashion, but doesn’t activate them—they’re plugged up by caffeine’s unique shape and chemical makeup. With those receptors blocked, the brain’s own stimulants, dopamine and glutamate, can do their work more freely—"Like taking the chaperones out of a high school dance," Braun writes in an email. In the book, he ultimately likens caffeine’s powers to "putting a block of wood under one of the brain’s primary brake pedals."
It’s an apt metaphor, because it spells out that caffeine very clearly doesn’t press the "gas" on your brain, and that it only blocks a "primary" brake. There are other compounds and receptors that have an effect on what your energy levels feel like—GABA, for example—but caffeine is crude way of preventing your brain from bringing things to a halt. "You can," Braun writes, "get wired only to the extent that your natural excitatory neurotransmitters support it." In other words, you can’t use caffeine to completely wipe out an entire week’s worth of very late nights of studying, but you can use it to make yourself feel less bogged down by sleepy feelings in the morning.
These effects will vary, in length and strength of effect, from person to person, depending on genetics, other physiology factors, and tolerance. But more on that in a bit. What’s important to take away is that caffeine is not as simple in effect as a direct stimulant, such as amphetamines or cocaine; its effect on your alertness is far more subtle.
It Boosts Your Speed, But Not Your Skill—Depending on Your Skill Set
Johann Sebastian Bach loved him some coffee. So did Voltaire, Balzac, and many other great minds. But the type of work they did didn’t necessarily get a boost from their prodigious coffee consumption—unless their work was so second-nature to them that it felt like data entry.
The general consensus on caffeine studies shows that it can enhance work output, but mainly in certain types of work. For tired people who are doing work that’s relatively straightforward, that doesn’t require lots of subtle or abstract thinking, coffee has been shown to help increase output and quality. Caffeine has also been seen to improve memory creation and retention when it comes to "declarative memory," the kind students use to remember lists or answers to exam questions.
(In a semi-crazy side note we couldn’t resist, researchers have implied this memory boost may be tied to caffeine’s effect on adrenaline production. You have, presumably, sharper memories of terrifying or exhilarating moments in life, due in part to your body’s fight-or-flight juice. Everyone has their "Where I was when I heard that X died" story, plugging in John F. Kennedy, John Lennon, or Kurt Cobain, depending on generational relatability).
Then again, one study in which subjects proofread text showed that a measurable boost was mainly seen by those who could be considered "impulsive," or willing to sacrifice accuracy and quality for speed. And the effect was only seen in morning tests, indicating the subjects may have either become lightly dependent on caffeine, or were more disposed to such tasks at that time of day.
So when it comes to caffeine’s effects on your work, think speed, not power. Or consider it an unresolved question. If we’re only part of the way to understanding how caffeine affects the brain, we’re a long way to knowing exactly what kind of chemicals or processes are affected when, say, one writes a post about caffeine science one highly caffeinated afternoon.
For a more direct look at what happens to your brain when there’s caffeine in your system, we turn to the the crew at Current. They hooked up one of their reporters to a brain monitor while taking on some new caffeine habits, and share their brains on caffeine:
Effectiveness, Tolerance, and Headaches
Why do so many patients coming out of anesthesia after major surgery feel a headache? It’s because, in most cases, they’re not used to going so long without coffee. The good news? If they wait a few more days, they can start saving coffee again for when they really need it.
The effectiveness of caffeine varies significantly from person to person, due to genetics and other factors in play. The average half-life of caffeine—that is, how long it takes for half of an ingested dose to wear off—is about five to six hours in a human body. Women taking oral birth control require about twice as long to process caffeine. Women between the ovulation and beginning of menstruation see a similar, if less severe, extended half-life. For regular smokers, caffeine takes half as long to process—which, in some ways, explains why smokers often drink more coffee and feel more agitated and anxious, because they’re unaware of how their bodies work without cigarettes.
As one starts to regularly take in caffeine, the body and mind build up a tolerance to it, so getting the same kind of boost as one’s first-ever sip takes more caffeine—this, researcher can agree on. Exactly how that tolerance develops is not so clear cut. Many studies have suggested that, just as with any drug addiction, the brain strives to return to its normal function while under "attack" from caffeine by up-regulating, or creating more adenosine receptors. But regular caffeine use has also been shown to decrease receptors for norepinephrine, a hormone akin to adrenaline, along with serotonin, a mood enhancer. At the same time, your body can see a 65 percent increase in receptors for GABA, a compound that does many things, including regulate muscle tone and neuron firing. Some studies have also seen changes in different adenosine receptors when caffeine becomes a regular thing.
Caffeine, it’s been suggested, is probably not directly responsible for all these changes. By keeping your brain from using its normal "I’m tired" sensors, though, your caffeine may be causing the brain to change the way all of its generally excitable things are regulated. Your next venti double shot goes a little less far each time, in any case. Photo by zoghal.
A 1995 study suggests that humans become tolerant to their daily dose of caffeine—whether a single soda or a serious espresso habit—somewhere between a week and 12 days. And that tolerance is pretty strong. One test of regular caffeine pill use had some participants getting an astronomical 900 milligrams per day, others placebos—found that the two groups were nearly identical in mood, energy, and alertness after 18 days. The folks taking the equivalent of nine stiff coffee pours every day weren’t really feeling it anymore. They would feel it, though, when they stopped.
You start to feel caffeine withdrawal very quickly, anywhere from 12 to 24 hours after your last use. That’s a big part of why that first cup in the morning is so important—it’s staving off the early effects of withdrawal. The reasons for the withdrawal are the same as with any substance dependency: your brain was used to operating one way with caffeine, and now it’s suddenly working under completely different circumstances, but all those receptor changes are still in place. Headaches are the nearly universal effect of cutting off caffeine, but depression, fatigue, lethargy, irritability, nausea, and vomiting can be part of your cut-off, too, along with more specific issues, like eye muscle spasms. Generally, though, you’ll be over it in around 10 days—again, depending on your own physiology and other factors.
Update: Commenter microinjectionist offers his own summary of more recent caffeine studies, which offers expanded reasons why caffeine users feel a "morning crash," as well as why your whole body, not just your brain, might feel so bad when you withdraw.
Getting Out of the Habit and Learning to Tame Caffeine
Beyond the equivalent of four cups of coffee in your system at once, caffeine isn’t giving you much more boost—in fact, at around the ten-cup level, you’re probably less alert than non-drinkers. So what if you want to start getting a real boost from caffeine once again, in a newly-learned, less-dependent way?
Our own Jason Fitzpatrick has both intentionally "quit" coffee, as well as just plain run out of coffee. Being the kind of guy who measures his own headaches and discomfort, he suggests measuring your caffeine intake, using caffeine amounts in all your drinks, chocolate, and other "boosting" foods. Wise Bread has a good roundup of caffeine amounts, and the Buzz Vs. The Bulge chart also shows how many calories you’ll be cutting if you start scaling back. Once you know your levels, map out a multi-week process of scaling down, and stick to it. Jason also suggests that dependency kicking is a good time to start taking walks, doing breathing exercises, or other mind-clearing things, because, in his experience, their effects are much greater when caffeine is not so much a part of your make-up.
Braun, author of Buzz, sees it the same way, but still uses coffee—strategically, according to our email exchange:
In practical terms, this means that if you’d like to be able to turn to caffeine when you need it for a quick, effective jolt, it’s best to let your brain "dry out" for at least several days prior to administration. This is actually my current mode of consumption. I don’t regularly drink coffee anymore (gasp).
This from a man who loved (and wore out) his home espresso maker. I love coffee in all its guises. But after 30+ years it wasn’t working for me. For one thing, the problem with caffeine is that there are adenosine receptors all over the body, including muscles. For me, that meant that caffeine made me vaguely stiff and sore, and it aggravated a tender lower back that was prone to spasm. But I also just wasn’t getting a clean, clear buzz from coffee…I drank so much, so regularly, that drinking an extra cup or two didn’t do a helluva lot except, perhaps, make me a little more irritable.
So about a year ago I slowly tapered down, and now I have, if anything, a cup of tea (half black, half peppermint) in the morning. (The amount of caffeine from the black tea isn’t enough to wire a gnat.) Not only does my body feel better now, my brain is clean of caffeine, so I really want (or need) a good neural jump-start, I will freely…nay, ecstatically…indulge. Then I stop and let the brain settle again.
That’s the theory, anyway…and it’s basically true, although I’ll freely admit that sometimes I have an espresso or coffee just because it tastes so damned good.
If you’d like Braun’s extended takes on caffeine tolerance and withdrawal, along with the advent of energy drinks and caffeine’s impact on creativity, you can read our full email interview.
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For all of its wild popularity, caffeine is one seriously misunderstood substance. It’s not a simple upper, and it works differently on different people with different tolerances—even in different menstrual cycles. But you can make it work better for you.
While there’s a whole lot one can read on caffeine, most of it falls in the realm of highly specific medical research, or often conflicting anecdotal evidence. Luckily, one intrepid reader and writer has actually done that reading, and weighed that evidence, and put together a highly readable treatise on the subject. 
Every moment that you’re awake, the neurons in your brain are firing away. As those neurons fire, they produce 
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More important than just fitting in, though, caffeine actually binds to those receptors in efficient fashion, but doesn’t activate them—they’re plugged up by caffeine’s unique shape and chemical makeup. With those receptors blocked, the brain’s own stimulants, 
Johann Sebastian Bach loved him some coffee. So did Voltaire, Balzac, and many other great minds. But the type of work they did didn’t necessarily get a boost from their prodigious coffee consumption—unless their work was so second-nature to them that it felt like data entry.
As one starts to regularly take in caffeine, the body and mind build up a tolerance to it, so getting the same kind of boost as one’s first-ever sip takes more caffeine—this, researcher can agree on. Exactly how that tolerance develops is not so clear cut. Many studies have suggested that, just as with any drug addiction, the brain strives to return to its normal function while under "attack" from caffeine by up-regulating, or creating more adenosine receptors. But regular caffeine use has also been shown to decrease receptors for 
Our own Jason Fitzpatrick has both intentionally "quit" coffee, as well as just plain run out of coffee. Being the kind of guy who measures his own headaches and discomfort, he suggests measuring your caffeine intake, using caffeine amounts in all your drinks, chocolate, and other "boosting" foods. 
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